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Analysis of the difficulties of low efficiency encountered by the motor (DC motor) in China

2021-04-11

The lack of initiative by Chinese users is largely due to the high cost of high-efficiency motors (DC motors), which are almost no longer present in the United States.
The test standards issued by IEC (hereinafter referred to as IEC) of the International Electrotechnical Commission make it possible to evaluate the energy efficiency of motors. In recent 10 years, the motor market has developed rapidly, the international motor (Dc Motor) production level has been improving, and the evaluation standards for technical development have been improving in recent years.
Nowadays, the high efficiency motor is no longer the same level of the year. The latest classification standard regards IE1 as general energy efficiency, IE2 is the first-class energy efficiency, while ie3 is the most energy-saving and the highest energy efficiency. Such a standard division improves the overall energy efficiency level of the motor by one level.
[IEC+MEPS"
As early as 10 years ago, the energy efficiency evaluation standard for motor (DC Motor) has been put forward. There was still a big debate between the United States and Europe about this issue at that time, because they couldn't agree on the energy efficiency of the motor. And over the past five years, things have changed.
The earliest international standards were issued by IEC. IE1, IE2 and ie3 were classified as the international motor (DC motor) energy efficiency assessment. However, the development of each country is different, and there are some inevitable problems in the evaluation of unified standards.
Conrad u.bruner, chairman of the top ten energy conservation center of the international energy efficiency organization, told China economy and information technology that, in addition to IEC standards, each country is developing its own mandatory energy efficiency standards, which is called "MEPs".
"MEPs" is the minimum energy performance standards. In the past five years, many countries have adopted the model of minimum energy efficiency standards. "There are currently two or three such organizations in the world, the first group of countries including the United States, Canada and Mexico, the second group of countries represented by Australia, and the third group of countries with Europe and China as the typical. European standards were set in 2009 and implemented in 2011, while Chinese standards were almost the same time.
The standard of "iec+meps" constitutes the energy efficiency test standard system of the whole international motor (DC motor). Under such standards, various countries have been constantly researching the motor energy efficiency in their own fields. But there are also many obstacles and problems in the implementation of the system.
The standard was implemented at first by laws and regulations to regulate the market. The first is product registration, each model needs to be registered with governments, and then classified into grades; second, the test and certification, the user must buy a motor (DC motor) from the market and put it in the laboratory to get the actual test value, so as to check whether the motor energy efficiency identification is true; the third is reward and punishment measures. If the motor is used for registration, the motor can be used to test whether the energy efficiency identification is true; the third is reward and punishment measures. If the motor is registered, the motor can be used for the test and certification The manufacturer of the motor (DC motor) will be punished for the difference between the measured value and the indicated value.
The three-step measures for the minimum energy efficiency standards are currently only available in Australia. Other countries do little more. There is only registration link in the United States, but no inspection is made. Only when there is a report, the government will come out to monitor. In Europe, it is not done in three steps.
China's implementation is relatively complex, and there is no final punishment for the current minimum energy efficiency standards. Now China is also making some legislative amendments that can punish these non energy-saving manufacturers. But since at the beginning, there were no laboratories to monitor and similar international standards, so China did not have its own monitoring mechanism at that time. But with the motor (DC motor) being incorporated into the implementation of energy efficiency standards, China's measures have gradually begun to improve.
Improve user autonomy
Although there are standard requirements and the production of motor has the corresponding threshold limit, there are still problems in the promotion of high efficiency motor (DC motor) in the market. "In Switzerland, we investigated 4000 motors, which came from 12 different factories, and we found that 50% - 60% of 4000 motors are old motors (DC motors), which means they are not energy-saving, so they need to be replaced," Conrad analysis said
High efficiency motors can achieve savings with very short investment payback periods, but as users may not understand this situation or know and do not act. This requires market transformation, from low efficiency to efficiency.
At present, there are obstacles in the international transformation. Some enterprises will still not buy high-efficiency motors because of price constraints. Conrad thinks it is a very silly behavior, "users who use motors (DC motors) can make money by making money efficiently, and the enterprises that make motors can benefit from it, and the environment can be improved accordingly."
In order to promote the high efficiency motor (DC motor) smoothly, three measures should be taken to guarantee the motor. The first is the minimum energy efficiency standard "MEPs", which is mandatory by the government; the second is the financial support for the production of electric machines; the third is capacity-building and soft power improvement. Through learning to use new software tools to do some specific calculations, we can pull the market through some of the most top products and standards and other soft things. Conrad pointed out that the minimum energy efficiency standard in China has been used, and the tax policy stimulus has begun to be implemented, but the soft power is still relatively weak.
Not only the soft power is weak, most of the users of the motor (DC motor) in China lack initiative. How to let the users buy the motor (DC motor) has become a big problem. For this, in some developed countries, the latest international motor (DC motor) standards will be known through information disclosure, subscription briefing, etc., so that users can grasp information at any time, so as to ensure the correct understanding of high-efficiency motors.
In addition, the lack of initiative in China is largely due to the high cost of high-efficiency motor (DC motor), which is 30% higher than that of ordinary motor. In the United States, the cost of high-efficiency motor has been reduced a lot, from 30% higher to about 10% higher than that of several years ago, so there is no price barrier for users.
There are many large motor factories (such as Shenzhen Shunchang Motor Co., Ltd.) and many famous motor (DC motor) enterprises in China. However, due to the late start, the last 30 years have stopped at IE1, and 50% of Chinese enterprises are still making inefficient products. In addition, the electricity charge of industrial power can enjoy subsidies, which lead to the majority of Chinese enterprises will not actively produce high-efficiency motors.
"If there is no subsidy policy for industrial power, the technology in China will be updated a little faster, so once the industrial price goes up, the popularity of high-efficiency motor (DC motor) in China will be fast. In this area, Europe is doing well, and in addition to electricity prices, it will increase carbon taxes. " Conrad said.
There are many potential problems
Generally speaking, the operation of high efficiency motor (DC motor) in China is relatively slow. However, the three-level energy efficiency divided in international standards is not limited to these three levels. IE4 and IE5 also exist. IE4 studies permanent magnet motor, which is more efficient and uses permanent magnet technology. And permanent magnet technology needs rare earth. China is the country that exports the most rare earth in the world, so it has absolute advantages. But most of China's rare earth is exported, and it is not really put into research and development.
In addition, there are still many problems and potential promotion space in the motor (DC motor) market. Conrad believes that producers should upgrade in many ways.
First, it pays attention to the production and use of frequency converter. Abb, Siemens and other enterprises are doing motor (DC motor) and frequency converter, so that the electric appliances can use frequency converter when there is no load, so as to reduce the burden of motor (DC motor), which is worth learning.
Secondly, at present, 50% - 60% of the motors (DC motors) are still IE1. Compared with the load, it is easy to form the big horse drawn trolley. Many motors (DC motors) are large in scale, but in fact, the load is not enough. Such operation is inefficient and can not really give full play to the energy efficiency of the motor (DC motor).
Thirdly, there is a lack of thinking about "what will happen under the control of no load". Finally, the transmission system, including conveyor belts, such as a car, has many conveyors, and the power transmission spending on the transmission system is much more than the engine input. Using a good conveyor saves up to 10 percent
In addition, system integration and operation management need to be noticed. To achieve the above, we can solve the awkward problems of the current motor (DC motor) technically. Not only abroad, but also in China, it can be used well. Conrad admits that there is still a big market for high efficiency motors (DC motors) in China.

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